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Types of survey based on Instrument

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  Types of survey based on Instrument 1.         CHAIN SURVEY 2.         COMPASS SURVEY 3.         LEVELLING SURVEY 4.         THEODOLITE SURVEY 5.         PLAN TABLE SURVEY 6.         TACHEOMETER SURVEY 7.         PHOTOGRAPH SURVEY CHAIN SURVEY:  1.          Only linear measurement are taken. 2.         No angular measurement are taken. COMPASS SURVEY:   In compass survey compass is used to measure angle and for distance. Chain or tape are use. LEVELLING SURVEY: In levelling we found out elevation in different point by use of levelling instrument. THEODOLITE SURVEY:    theodolite is used to measure Horizontal and vertical angle. PLAN TABLE SURVEY:   in plan table survey direction is measure by plan table and for distance chain and tape are use. TACHEOMETER SURVEY: tachometer survey is a special type of theodolite use to measure distance. PHOTOGRAPH SURVEY: If area is inaccessible or time is less then by use of camera photograph of area is taken. BASIC PRINCIPAL OF SURVEY: 1.     
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Difference between prestressed concrete and reinforced concrete :

High-Strength Steel and Concrete for Prestressed Concrete: Experiments and research have proved that pre-reinforced concrete requires high strength steel and high strength concrete. Soft steel was used in initial experiments but it could not yield successful results as the stress of soil steel, which is about 120 N/mm2, is completely eliminated after some time. The depletion of soft steel goes up from 100 to 240 N/mm2. If this decline has to be reduced, the strength of steel should be higher initially. It has been found to be advisable to use high strength steel with 1200 to 2000 N/mm2 strength.  High strength concrete is also a requirement that must be in pre-reinforced concrete as the substances of this concrete generate high class resistance. High strength concrete immunity is significantly higher in tensile, bond and bearings. Precast Concrete: Its components are a mixture of high strength steel and high strength concrete. In comparison, precast concrete is prepared using soft stee
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