Types of survey based on Instrument

 Types of survey based on Instrument

1.       CHAIN SURVEY

2.       COMPASS SURVEY

3.       LEVELLING SURVEY

4.       THEODOLITE SURVEY

5.       PLAN TABLE SURVEY

6.       TACHEOMETER SURVEY

7.       PHOTOGRAPH SURVEY

CHAIN SURVEY: 

1.        Only linear measurement are taken.

2.       No angular measurement are taken.

COMPASS SURVEY:  In compass survey compass is used to measure angle and for distance. Chain or tape are use.

LEVELLING SURVEY: In levelling we found out elevation in different point by use of levelling instrument.

THEODOLITE SURVEY:  theodolite is used to measure Horizontal and vertical angle.

PLAN TABLE SURVEY:  in plan table survey direction is measure by plan table and for distance chain and tape are use.

TACHEOMETER SURVEY: tachometer survey is a special type of theodolite use to measure distance.

PHOTOGRAPH SURVEY: If area is inaccessible or time is less then by use of camera photograph of area is taken.

BASIC PRINCIPAL OF SURVEY:

1.       To work from whole to part: the reason of this principal is to prevent error accumulation.

2.       To locate new point at least by two known point.

SCALE OF MAP:

Scale is use to convert large distance into small distance.

Scale = 

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TYPES OF SCALE

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 Exp. Let assume,

1CM = 10KM,

 1inch = 500feet,

 1mm = 1KM

1CM = 1M

This type of scale used in engineer scale.

Let see , what engineer`s think about that scale

1cm = 1m

There are 1cm = which length is drawn on the plan.

                   1 m = which length is on the ground, else which is measure on the ground and reduce it`s size to show on the plan.

How to solve  R.F questions.

Let`s find out.

                Q.1  R.F  means

i) 1cm = 100m                                    iii) 1cm = 1km

ii) 1 cm= 20km                                   iv) 1cm = 10km

Ans.  The answer is (iv)

NOTE: Large and small scale:-  which scale gives large area map on plan is called large scale and vice-versa.

 

Graphical scale:- graphical scale is a line drawn on map or plan.

                Graphical scale is better then numerical scale because there is no effect of shrinkage on graphical scale.

 

Shrinkage factor (S.F)= chain surveying chain surveying pdf chain surveying in hindi chain surveying uses the principle of chain survey is recommended when the area is chain survey practical report chain surveying pdf in hindi chain surveying practical chain survey in hindi chain survey instruments chain survey definition chain survey uses the principle of chain survey ppt chain survey diagram chain survey area calculation chain survey and land records manual chain survey area is divided into chain survey advantages and disadvantages chain survey application form chain survey and plane table survey chain survey and compass survey chain survey apparatus a chain survey a baseline in a chain survey booking in chain survey chain survey field book survey chain online buy difference between chain survey and levelling blockchain supply chain survey chain survey field book pdf best pizza chain survey chain survey chain length chain survey calculation chain survey chain chain survey course 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                                    = 9.5/10 = .95cm


Note: the value of shrunk factor is always  less then 1.

Q.1. Plan of area has shrunk such that align originally 10cm long. Now measure 9.5cm. if originally scale was 1cm = 10m. then determine.

                a) shrunk factor

                b) shrunk scale

                c) correct area corresponding major area 100.

Ans.   a) Shrunk factor (S.F)= retrograde vernier scale retrograde vernier formula retrograde vernier least count retrograde vernier indiabix retrograde vernier reading retrograde vernier meaning in sinhala retrograde vernier and direct vernier retrograde vernier direct vernier and retrograde vernier retrograde vernier definition


             b) Shrunk factor (S.F)=  

.95 = 

shrunk scale = types of vernier scale in surveying kinds of vernier scale different types of vernier scale 4 types of vernier scale new type of vernier scale how many types of vernier scale state two types of vernier scale types of vernier caliper and least count what is the use of vernier scale two types of vernier scale

Shrunk scale= 

Correct area =

Correct area = 110.80

 

NOTE: if wrong scale is use. Then use

Correct length  =   {  }× Measure length

Correct area = =   { × Measure area

Vernier scale: Vernier is use to read fractional part of main scale.

Types of Vernier scale

1.       Direct Vernier

2.       Retrograde Vernier

Direct Vernier: in direct Vernier and division of Vernier scale is equal to (n-1) division of main scale.

Let length of one main scale division  = S

Let length of one Vernier scale division = v

·         Vernier division is slightly smaller then one main scale division.

·         Main and Vernier scale reading increases in same direction.

1.       Nv = (n+1)S

2.       L.C = S/n

3.       Main scale division is slightly smaller then vernier scale division.

4.       Reading on both scale is opposite.

Some special type of vernier:

1.       Double vernier

2.       Double folded vernier

3.       Extended vernier

DOUBLE VERNIER: If main scale is graduated in both direction . then double vernier use such as theodolite.

DOUBLE FOLDED VERNIER: it is a special type of double vernier whose total length is half of double vernier and use where there is diffculty to provide double vernier.

Note: to measure 3 dimension diagonal scale is use.

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