CIVIL YAAR

High-Strength Steel and Concrete for Prestressed Concrete: Experiments and research have proved that pre-reinforced concrete requires high strength steel and high strength concrete. Soft steel was used in initial experiments but it could not yield successful results as the stress of soil steel, which is about 120 N/mm2, is completely eliminated after some time. The depletion of soft steel goes up from 100 to 240 N/mm2. If this decline has to be reduced, the strength of steel should be higher initially. It has been found to be advisable to use high strength steel with 1200 to 2000 N/mm2 strength.  High strength concrete is also a requirement that must be in pre-reinforced concrete as the substances of this concrete generate high class resistance. High strength concrete immunity is significantly higher in tensile, bond and bearings. Precast Concrete: Its components are a mixture of high strength steel and high strength concrete. In comparison, precast concrete is prepared using soft ...

CONCRETING OPERATIONS Operations followed in the making of concrete in compliance with the safety and quality requirements are known as concreting operations. Concreting operations include: Storage of materials; Batching and Mixing of various ingredients; Concrete mix transportation; Concrete placing; Compaction of concrete; Surface finishing; and Curing of concrete. PURPOSE Concreting operations are vulnerable to safety and health hazards. This method statement describes the safety requirements and safe work procedure for concreting operations to: Prevent improper carrying out of concreting works; Carry works in a manner that’s safe at all times; Know the hazards involved in performing the activity; Ensure controls are in place to steer clear of hazard exposure. Use any other resources and methods not referred to in this method statement to suit the project requirement. Execute the work safely complying with the required standard. The sequence of activities is a repetitive process an...

    👉 What is batching of concrete?   Batching of concrete means measuring different ingredients of concrete (i.e. cement, sand, coarse aggregate and water) before mixing it. When this measurement is done on the basis of volume, we call it Volume Batching.     👉 What is a small batching plant? Small batching plant is suitable for places that require extreme mobility. There are two models available which are powered by electric motors and there is one model powered by diesel engine. There are total of three bins for addition of sand, cement and aggregates. All the bins are with individual load cells for accurate weighing. Methods of  Batching  Concrete 1. Volume Batching In volume batching, materials are measured on the basis of volume. It is less precise method of batching Measurement boxes or gauge boxes of known volume are used to measure materials. Cement is taken in the form of bags, where volume of one bag of cement (50 kg) is taken as 35 liters...

👉  Why is only concrete used for construction but not only cement? Understanding the fundamental differences of  cement  and  concrete  is important.  Cement  is an ingredient in  concrete , and  concrete  is the finished product  used  in building foundations, driveways, roads, homes, and the infrastructure around you. [0] Among all the construction materials used in the world, concrete is most widely used due to its unique advantages compared to other materials. Concrete Hardens at Ambient Temperature. Concrete sets , hardens, gain its strength at regular room temperature or ambient temperature. Ability to be Cast into Shape. Fresh concrete is flowable and is in liquid state. Energy Efficiency in Production. The amount of energy required for production of concrete is low compared with steel. Excellent Water Resistance Characteristics. Though chemical in water can induce corrosion in concrete and reinforced concrete. High-tem...

⇒  Concrete brick  is a mixture of cement and aggregate, usually sand, formed in molds and cured. Certain mineral colours are added to produce a concrete brick resembling clay . ⇒What are the uses of cement bricks? Cement bricks have many advantages, making them a good choice for construction across many environments and applications. cement bricks can be used to build homes as well as garden structures such as retaining walls, and driveway and walkway paving. Furthermore, they are frequently used in the construction of low-cost housing for the numerous reasons listed below. Bricks manufactured using concrete are typically cheaper than clay bricks, both to make and to build with, and are much stronger than ordinary bricks. The crushed stone that goes into the manufacture of cement bricks is often what gives them their strength. They are also highly durable and low maintenance. Often, the concrete continues to cure even after manufacture thus making the cement bricks even stron...

Lightweight concrete mixture is made with a lightweight coarse aggregate and sometimes a portion or entire fine aggregates may be lightweight instead of normal aggregates. Structural lightweight concrete has an in-place density (unit weight) on the order of 90 to 115 lb / ft³ (1440 to 1840 kg/m³). Normal weight concrete a density in the range of 140 to 150 lb/ft³ (2240 to 2400 kg/m³). For structural applications the concrete strength should be greater than 2500 psi (17.0 MPa). Lightweight aggregates used in structural lightweight concrete are typically expanded shale, clay or slate materials that have been fired in a rotary kiln to develop a porous structure. Other products such as air-cooled blast furnace slag are also used. There are other classes of non-structural LWC with lower density made with other aggregate materials and higher air voids in the cement paste matrix, such as in cellular concrete. Classification of Lightweight Concrete It is convenient to classify the various...