CIVIL YAAR

⇒  Concrete brick  is a mixture of cement and aggregate, usually sand, formed in molds and cured. Certain mineral colours are added to produce a concrete brick resembling clay . ⇒What are the uses of cement bricks? Cement bricks have many advantages, making them a good choice for construction across many environments and applications. cement bricks can be used to build homes as well as garden structures such as retaining walls, and driveway and walkway paving. Furthermore, they are frequently used in the construction of low-cost housing for the numerous reasons listed below. Bricks manufactured using concrete are typically cheaper than clay bricks, both to make and to build with, and are much stronger than ordinary bricks. The crushed stone that goes into the manufacture of cement bricks is often what gives them their strength. They are also highly durable and low maintenance. Often, the concrete continues to cure even after manufacture thus making the cement bricks even stronger. Ceme

Rivet Rivets are short ductile and cylindrical bars that are used for making a permanent mechanical joint. The process of forming a riveted joint is called riveting. A rivet is divided into 3 parts i.e., the head at one end, the tapered tail, and shank, The portion between the head and tail as shown in the figure. As it is a permanent joint it cannot be disassembled without the failure of the machine component. The material of rivet should be tough and ductile. They are usually made of low carbon steel, nickel steel, Brass, Aluminum, copper, etc. Physics Behind Rivetting. The main function of a rivet is to make a connection, That has the strength to prevent failure and tightness to prevent leakage. For connecting “> 2 metal plates, firstly holes are punched and reamed. The plates are then separated to remove any burrs or chips. The cylindrical cold or red-hot rivet is then inserted into the hole. Then the head is backed by a hammer or heavy bar and then the Die as shown in the figur

⇒ What are defect of high rise buildings. A structural  defect  is defined as actual physical damage to the designated load-bearing elements of a structure, or the ingress of water into the waterproofing envelope, attributable to a  defect  in design, workmanship or materials, to the extent that the structure becomes unsafe or otherwise unlivable. Defect:-  A defect is a building flaw or design mistake that reduces the value of the building , and causes a dangerous condition. A construction defect can arise due to many factors, such as poor workmanship or the use of inferior materials. Building defects do not appear to have been minimized despite recent advancements in building technology. Some common defects caused by agents such as atmospheric pollution, poor workmanship or the use of inferior materials and climatic conditions are more frequent. Defective building construction not only contributes to the final cost of the product but also to the cost of maintenance, which can be su

What is Rivet Value? It is defined as the maximum safe force one rivet can withstand. The strength of a rivet in shearing and bearing is calculated and the lesser value is taken as Rivet value. Beyond this value, the rivet will either fail in shear or will be crushed in bearing. the value of shearing and bearing strength one rivet can be calculated from the following relations:- Note :- Rivet value is least of the equations (i) and (ii) Efficiency of a rivet joint:- The original strength of a structural sheet section is reduced by rivet holes provided in it. The efficiency of a rivet joint is the ratio of the strength of riveted joint to the strength of the solid plate(Ex. strength of solid plate without rivet hole). It is denoted by  ɳ  and is expressed as percentage. The effectiveness of a particular riveted joint is measured by the efficiency. Mathematically efficiency is expressed as:                                                                            ɳ  = Strength of joint